Liquid-liquid extraction columns are pivotal in a range of industrial applications, from nuclear fuel reprocessing to hydrometallurgy and environmental remediation. These systems operate by contacting ...

Centrifugal contactors represent an advanced class of equipment optimising liquid–liquid extraction through the use of centrifugal forces to enhance mass transfer between immiscible phases. These ...

Running samples on any chromatography instrument involves sample preparation as a fundamental process. For even the highest quality instruments, sample clean-up is crucial in obtaining the best ...