Emphysema is a chronic lung condition characterised by the destruction of alveolar walls. This pathophysiology involves damage that impairs the lungs' ability to recoil: decreasing airflow and causing ...

In conclusion, COPD is a global disease, with increasing prevalence and health-related impact. The loss of FEV 1 may be slowing down, but what is really needed is an intervention that improves it in ...

—More than 90% of patients with advanced COPD experience dyspnea. A daily morphine dose of <30 mg daily is safe for treating refractory breathlessness. Reviewed by Rima R. Gidwani, MD, Assistant ...

Among patients who have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the pathophysiology for disturbed sleep consists of physiological changes, ventilatory disturbances, and inflammation. For ...