A quick calculation: To estimate a battery’s internal resistance, you can use a simple voltage-drop method when the open-circuit voltage, loaded voltage, and current draw are known. For example, if a ...

We often run into the situation where there are two capacitors, one of them charged up to some voltage level and the other at some lower voltage level which, for purposes of this discussion, we will ...

Why are test points a crucial element in developing a successful circuit? Types of test points available, and the different techniques that employ them. Electronic design has always been an endeavor ...